Advanced modelling and regulation of a triple-port boost converter for a hybrid energy system

The performance of power converters, which are crucial components in hybrid energy systems (HES), is affected by environmental conditions and load parameters. This research article introduces a unique multi-port architecture for photovoltaic (PV) based energy conversion applications. The proposed topology integrates the hybrid energy system with low component size, thereby reducing circuit complexity compared with conventional multi-stage converter configuration while maintaining the voltage conversion ratio of the traditional boost converter. This study examines the system closed-form expression, evaluation and control of a non-isolated three-port boost converter (TPBC). Small-signal methodologies of various operating modes such as single input double output (SIDO), dual input dual output (DISO) and PV-to-load mode are discussed. This study utilises the grey wolf optimisation (GWO) tuned proportional integral derivative (PID) controllers to regulate the output voltage and enable stable operation under variable operating conditions. Comparative evaluation with a conventional PID demonstrates improved transient performance, reduced settling time and lower overshoot. The simulated results further indicate that the proposed converter achieves effective power management with a reduced component count, stable voltage regulation, and a peak efficiency of 96. 2% under varying PV operating conditions. The results illustrate that the proposed TPBC provides an efficient and structurally simplified solution for HES.