Biometric Variation, Length–Weight Relationship, and Sex Ratio of Prochilodus nigricans in the Middle Tocantins River

This study investigates the length–weight relationship, growth patterns, and population structure of Prochilodus nigricans in a tropical river environment, providing biometric information relevant to ecological studies, fisheries assessment, and conservation planning. A total of 139 individuals were sampled across rainy and dry seasons, and biometric variables (BD—Body Depth, TL—Total Length, SL—Standard Length, TW—Total Weight, and GW—Gonad Weight) were compared using descriptive statistics and regression analyses. Significant differences in biometric parameters were observed between seasons and sexes. Among the sampled individuals, body depth, standard length, total length, and total weight were significantly higher during the rainy season for both sexes; however, these differences should be interpreted with caution because different gill-net mesh sizes were used between hydrological periods. Gonad weight and gonadosomatic index (GSI) differed significantly between males and females in both seasons. A significant overall effect of season was detected for gonad weight, although pairwise seasonal differences were observed only in males, whereas no significant seasonal effect was detected for GSI. Length–weight relationships indicated isometric growth in both sexes. These results provide baseline biometric information useful for future ecological studies and complementary fisheries assessments of P. nigricans in the Tocantins–Araguaia Basin.