What does this research mean for the field?

A newly developed 27-item multidimensional instrument demonstrates strong psychometric properties for evaluating the psychosocial, cultural, and logistical determinants of HPV vaccination readiness and uptake in resource-constrained settings like Pakistan. Novelty: ClaimNovelty.METHODOLOGICAL. Consensus alignment: ConsensusAlignment.NEUTRAL.

September 3, 2026VaccinesOpen Access

Development and Initial Validation of a Multidimensional Instrument for Assessing Determinants of HPV Vaccine Readiness and Uptake Among Caregivers in Pakistan: A PLS-SEM Approach

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Authors

KNKhola NoreenRawalpindi Medical University SKSamina Naeem KhalidHealth Services Academy SMSaba MaryamRawalpindi Medical University

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Implication

Cross-sectional survey validates an HPV vaccine readiness instrument among caregivers of adolescent girls, highlighting motivation and cultural context as key drivers of uptake.

Key Points

To develop and validate a multidimensional instrument evaluating determinants of HPV vaccine readiness and uptake among caregivers using partial least squares structural equation modeling.
Administered a cross-sectional survey to caregivers of girls aged 9–16 years (N=639 retained from 700 initial responses) recruited across schools, EPI sites, and household outreach in Pakistan during September–November 2025.
Tested a 75-item initial instrument spanning six theoretical constructs: thinking and feeling, social processes, motivation, practical issues, cultural integration, and a vaccination uptake composite index.
Conducted partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM) to evaluate indicator reliability, convergent validity (AVE), discriminant validity (HTMT, Fornell–Larcker), mediation, and moderation.
Model refinement yielded 27 indicators across six constructs, demonstrating indicator loadings of 0.765–0.939, Cronbach’s α of 0.854–0.928, composite reliability of 0.912–0.945, and AVE of 0.710–0.850.
Discriminant validity was confirmed across all constructs with HTMT ratios below 0.90, as well as satisfactory Fornell–Larcker and cross-loading metrics.
Motivation significantly mediated the effects of thinking and feeling (β = 0.098, p < 0.001) and social processes (β = 0.155, p < 0.001) on vaccination uptake, explaining 65.8% of variance in motivation and 59.4% in uptake.

Cite This Study

Noreen et al. (2026) studied this question.

synapsesocial.com/papers/6a9935a0636c6408cfa7df55 https://doi.org/10.3390/vaccines14090761

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Implication

Cross-sectional survey validates an HPV vaccine readiness instrument among caregivers of adolescent girls, highlighting motivation and cultural context as key drivers of uptake.

Development and Initial Validation of a Multidimensional Instrument for Assessing Determinants of HPV Vaccine Readiness and Uptake Among Caregivers in Pakistan: A PLS-SEM Approach

Discussion

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Implication

Key Points

Cite This Study

Development and Initial Validation of a Multidimensional Instrument for Assessing Determinants of HPV Vaccine Readiness and Uptake Among Caregivers in Pakistan: A PLS-SEM Approach

Discussion

Member takes

Implication

Key Points

Cite This Study

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