Fundamental Insights into splitting behaviour of nanodroplet on Vibrating Nanocylinder Surface: An Atomistic Approach

Vibrating nanoactuators and their applications are promising platforms for developing Bio-nano electro-mechanical systems (NEMS). In this study, nanodroplet splitting on a vibrating platinum nanocylinder were modelled using atomistic simulation. We examined the effects of vibration and Weber (We) number on nanodroplet spreading and molecular diffusion during the splitting process. Simulations have shown that vibrating nanocylinders changed the surface behavior, from cohesive force retention at 10 m/s (We = 0.005) to inertia-dominated splitting at 30 m/s (We = 0.044). Low-frequency vibration (f=15 GHz) enhances asymmetry and accelerates nanodroplet splitting, whereas vibration (f=60 GHz) delays splitting and promotes stable retraction. Quantitatively, mean squared displacement reached approximately 250–300 [Formula: see text] at 600 ps for 10 m/s cases, increased to [Formula: see text]900 [Formula: see text] under high-frequency vibration at 30 m/s, with corresponding diffusion coefficients of [Formula: see text]90 [Formula: see text]/ns and [Formula: see text]5 [Formula: see text]/ns, respectively. These findings demonstrate that different vibrations on nanocylinders serve as tunable factors that affect nanodroplet transitions. Optimal splitting was observed at a We number of 0.044, for controlled nanodroplet splitting. These fundamental insights lay a physical groundwork for designing compact, energy-efficient, tunable nanodroplet behaviour that may help in Bio-NEMS devices.