Extraction, Purification, Structural Characterization, Biological Activities, and Applications of Cyclocybe cylindracea Polysaccharides: A Review

Cyclocybe cylindracea , commonly known as “Chaxingu” in China, is an edible and medicinal mushroom that has attracted increasing interest because of its bioactive polysaccharides. Cyclocybe cylindracea polysaccharides (CCPs) have been reported to exhibit antioxidant, immunomodulatory, antitumor, anti‐aging, hypoglycemic, hypolipidemic, anti‐inflammatory, and gut microbiota‐modulating activities. A structured literature search was conducted across major scientific databases, and eligible studies were screened according to predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria. This review summarizes recent advances in the extraction, purification, structural characterization, biological activities, structure–activity relationships, applications, and safety evaluation of CCPs. Particular attention is given to the effects of extraction and purification methods on polysaccharide yield, purity, molecular weight, monosaccharide composition, structural features, and biological functions. Current evidence indicates that CCPs have potential as functional food ingredients, health products, and pharmaceutical adjuvants. Nevertheless, further studies are required to clarify their fine structures, active fractions, structure–activity relationships, bioavailability, in vivo mechanisms, safety, and clinical efficacy. This review provides a focused reference for future research, quality control, and value‐added development of CCPs.