Exploring a Novel Whole-Ovary Decellularization Technique for Developing Suitable Ovarian Bioscaffolds

Artificial ovary construction requires a biocompatible scaffold that mimics native extracellular matrix. This study developed a novel decellularization technique combining physical preconditioning (freeze–thaw cycle, multipoint needling, and 10% NaCl hypertonic solution) with shortened chemical detergent exposure (0.5% sodium dodecyl sulfate, 1% Triton X-100, and 2% sodium deoxycholate) for intact porcine ovaries. Compared to conventional chemical-only decellularization, the novel method better preserved glycosaminoglycan and collagen content, induced smaller changes in tissue elastic modulus, and supported higher granulosa cell fusion density in vitro . After subcutaneous implantation in mice, the novel scaffolds promoted greater cell infiltration and neovascularization, while triggering a lower M1-macrophage response. These results demonstrate that integrating physical steps enhances decellularization efficiency and biocompatibility, offering a promising strategy for generating functional ovarian bioscaffolds.