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Nonlocal properties of electrostatic drift waves in a straight magnetic field in a collisionless and low-β plasma with a hot-electron component are discussed analytically in detail. Interesting drift wave features, such as eigenfrequency, growth rate, radial wavenumber, and position of localization, are clarified. Effects of the hot-electron component and the ambipolar potential on the stability of drift waves are also studied and related to low-frequency fluctuations measured in ELMO Bumpy Torus and Nagoya Bumpy Torus experiments. It is found that the hot-electron component has a destabilizing effect, but a strong ambipolar field has a stabilizing influence on drift waves inside the hot-electron ring.
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Heiji Sanuki (1984) studied this question.
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