One of the mysteries in ultrafine bubbles is their long lifetime in spite of the fact that the gas diffusion theory predicts the very short lifetime of 20 μs － 80 μs for ultrafine bubbles of 100 nm － 200 nm in diameter in liquid water saturated with air. In the present review, 8 proposed models for the stability of ultrafine bubbles are discussed. In addition, we propose the dynamic equilibrium model of an ultrafine bubble partly covered with hydrophobic material.
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Kyuichi Yasui (2016) studied this question.
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