Gastrointestinal bleeding: imaging and interventions in cancer patients

Gastrointestinal bleeding (GIB) among cancer patients is a major source of morbidity and mortality. Although a wide variety of etiologies contribute to GIB, special considerations should be made for cancer-related factors such as the type of malignancy, location and extent of disease, hemostatic parameters, and treatment effects. Key imaging modalities used to evaluate GIB include computed tomography angiography (CTA), radionuclide imaging, and catheter-based angiography. Understanding the cancer and treatment history and recognizing the associated imaging manifestations are important for identifying the source and potential causes of GIB in cancer patients. This article will review the common clinical presentations, causes, imaging manifestations, and angiographic management of GIB in cancer patients.