Prevalence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus in Peruvian patients with chronic kidney disease: a systematic review and meta-analysis

Background Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) represents a major challenge for public health, with hypertension and diabetes being the main causes of its occurrence. Therefore, this study aims to determine the prevalence of hypertension and diabetes mellitus in Peruvian patients with CKD. Methods A systematic review and meta-analysis were performed. For this purpose, a systematic search was carried out in various databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Embase, Web of Science, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar, Virtual Health Library (VHL), and Scielo, until December 1, 2023. The search terms used were "chronic kidney disease" and "Peru". Study selection, quality assessment, and data extraction were performed independently by two authors. Study quality was assessed using the Joanna Briggs Institute Statistical Meta-Analysis Assessment and Review Instrument. To analyze data heterogeneity, the I2 statistical test was used. Statistical analysis was performed with R version 4.2.3. Results A total of 1425 studies were collected, of which 23 were included in the final meta-analysis. A total of 43321 patients with CKD were evaluated, of whom 52.22% were male and 47.78% were female. The combined prevalence of hypertension in Peruvian patients with CKD was 38% (95% CI: 30–46%; 41131 participants; 21 studies, I2 = 99%, p = 0), while the combined prevalence of diabetes mellitus in Peruvian patients with CKD was 33% (95% CI: 26-40%; 43321 participants; 23 studies, I2 = 99%, p = 0). Additionally, the combined prevalence of Peruvian men and women with CKD was 55% (95% CI: 52-57%; 43321 participants; 23 studies, I2 = 93%, p < 0.01) and 45% (95% CI: 43-48%; 43321 participants; 23 studies, I2 = 93%, p < 0.01), respectively. Conclusion In accordance with the study, the combined prevalence of hypertension and diabetes in Peruvian patients with CKD was 38% and 33%, respectively.