Why the study?
Does the presence of multiple or diffuse echogenic foci in the fetal heart predict poor fetal outcomes compared to isolated left-sided foci?
Does the presence of multiple or diffuse echogenic foci in the fetal heart predict poor fetal outcomes compared to isolated left-sided foci?
Diffuse echogenicity in the fetal heart, especially involving the right ventricle, is associated with a poor prognosis and major pathologies, contrasting with the benign nature of isolated left-sided foci.
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Isolated left-sided fetal cardiac echogenic foci were associated with benign outcomes; diffuse foci warrant caution but findings remain hypothesis-generating.
Bronshtein et al. (1996) studied this question.
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