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Contact mode of scanning force microscopy (SFM) and force curves (FC) were used to study the morphology of ice surface in air and in liquid decane and the structure and some physical properties of the interfaces between ice and Si and Si 3 N 4 cantilever tips in the temperature range from −0.4 to −20 °C. Evidence for a liquid-like layer on the ice surface came from observation of capillary forces that act on cantilever tips. Intensive mass transport along the ice surface was found at T ≥ −14 °C. The FCs were used to determine the adhesion strength of ice to Si and Si 3 N 4 cantilever tips, the corresponding interfacial energies, the thickness of a liquid-like layer, and the density of an electric charge acquired by the tips from the ice surface.
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Victor F. Petrenko (1997) studied this question.
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