Ellen D. Ketterson, Patricia G. Parker, Samrrah A. Raouf, Val Nolan Jr., Charles Ziegenfus, C. Ray Chandler, The Relative Impact of Extra-Pair Fertilizations on Variation in Male and Female Reproductive Success in Dark-Eyed Juncos (Junco hyemalis), Ornithological Monographs, No. 49, Avian Reproductive Tactics: Female and Male Perspectives (1998), pp. 81-101
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Ketterson et al. (1998) studied this question.
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