The nonlinearity of ZnO varistors is significantly influenced by the Bi 2 O 3 and Sb 2 O 3 contents, as well as by the phase composition of the Bi 2 O 3 . Degradation of the current‐voltage characteristics due to the applied voltage is not always lowered by the β—γ transition of the Bi 2 O 3 phase. Lattice parameter determinations and stress analyses suggest that the Bi 2 O 3 ‐rich phase in multigrain junctions causes mechanical strain at the grain boundary which may play an important role in the current‐voltage characteristics of ZnO varistors.
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Takemura et al. (1986) studied this question.
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