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Basic methods of measuring volume and surface resistivities are reviewed in relation to the wide range of values encountered in plastics and rubbers, including antistatic grades, conducting composites and intrinsically conductive polymers. The application of conventional electrode configurations of 2, 3 and 4 terminal types is considered first. Then the performance and reliability of various probe techniques are analysed. Finally, the observation of charge decay rates is discussed as a means of determining resistivities, and its limitations are defined.
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A. R. Blythe (1984) studied this question.
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