Performance Analysis of 90–100 GHz FMCW Radar Using Trihedral Corner Reflectors on Airport Runway Terrain

Triangular trihedral corner reflectors (TTCRs) are widely used passive radar targets for evaluating radar system performance due to their high structural rigidity and predictable backscattering behavior. The Radar Cross Section (RCS) of a TTCR is critical for assessing system characterization parameters and understanding backscatter properties. This paper presents an RCS characterization of three different TTCR sizes under clear weather conditions, specifically considering an airport runway environment. A comprehensive analysis is conducted using both electromagnetic simulations in the 90–100 GHz millimeter-wave range and experimental measurements. Field measurements were carried out at Runway 2 of Kuala Lumpur International Airport using a 93.1 GHz Frequency Modulated Continuous Wave (FMCW) radar system. The study uniquely considers radar incident angles and runway transverse slope effects, contributing valuable insights into the real-world performance of high-frequency radar systems in airfield applications. The simulation models, experimental setup, and observed results are detailed to support future development of radar-based Foreign Object Debris (FOD) detection systems.