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Free-living environmental microbes at four plant-atmosphere interfaces (leaf, nectar, fruit, and bark surfaces) intercept, biotransform, and augment plant volatile signals, shaping what herbivores, pollinators, and parasitoids detect. This forum article reviews how microbes remodel these signals, the threats posed by climate change and land-use intensification, and priorities for translating microbial volatile ecology into sustainable pest management.
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Zhang et al. (2026) studied this question.
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