Plasmonic organic solar cells with an efficiency of 10.5% are achieved by simultaneous plasmon-optical and plasmon-electrical effects from gold nanostars, as presented by W. C. H. Choy and co-workers on page 5200. Due to the excited plasmonic asymmetric modes, their optical effects induce a broadband absorption enhancement. Meanwhile, their electrical effects of offering better balanced carrier transport path length and lower carrier transport resistance facilitate a better carrier collection.
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Ren et al. (2016) studied this question.
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