Fiber optic refractive index and magnetic field sensors based on microhole-induced inline Mach–Zehnder interferometers

A compact microhole-induced fiber optic inline Mach–Zehnder interferometer (MZI) is demonstrated for measurements of refractive index (RI) and magnetic field. Inline MZIs with different etched diameters, different interaction lengths and different sizes of microholes are fabricated and assessed. The optical transmission spectra of the inline MZIs immersed into a series of liquids are characterized and analysed. Experimental results show that liquid RI sensitivity as high as 539.8436 nm RIU −1 in the RI range of 1.3352–1.4113 RIU is achieved and also exhibits good linearity with a correlation coefficient >93%. An inline MZI is also fabricated to be a magnetic field sensor by using magnetic fluid material. The experimental results show that this magnetic field sensor has a high sensitivity of −275.6 pm Oe −1 . The inline MZI-based fiber optic sensors possess many advantages, such as small size, simple fabrication, high sensitivity and good linearity, which has a wide application potential in chemical, biological and environmental sensing fields.