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The electrical conductivity of P-doped ZnO can be controlled by changing the P-doping concentration. With increasing P concentration, ZnO can be changed from n type to p type. At the same time, a redshift of the band gap energy is observed by using the photoluminescence spectroscopy and UV-visible spectrophotometer. X-ray diffraction results show that lattice spacings of ZnO increase with P concentration, which indicates that P substitutes O, and this leads to a lattice spacing increase and an optical band gap energy decrease.
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Hu et al. (2006) studied this question.
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