The effects of joint hypermobility on strength, proprioception, and functional performance

Generalized Joint Hypermobility (GJH) is characterized by increased joint mobility and may lead to proprioceptive deficits and altered muscle function. To investigate the relationship between Beighton scores and grip strength, elbow and knee proprioception, and upper and lower extremity performance and to compare hypermobile and non-hypermobile individuals in these domains. Eighty-three participants were classified as hypermobile (n = 46, Beighton 4-9) or non-hypermobile (n = 37, Beighton 0-3). Grip strength, elbow and knee joint position sense, and functional stability (CKCUEST, CKCLEST) were assessed. Pearson correlation and independent t-tests were used. Hypermobile individuals demonstrated significantly poorer proprioception at the elbow and knee (p < 0.05) but no differences in grip strength or functional performance. In the hypermobile group, Beighton scores positively correlated with grip strength and proprioception at 30° and 60° joint angles (r = 0.422-0.674, p < 0.05). GJH is associated with proprioceptive deficits, though joint mobility may improve grip strength. Functional stability was not compromised, indicating compensatory strategies may play a role. These findings underscore the importance of neuromuscular training in hypermobile individuals.