Key result
Hydrogen sulfide is involved in adipogenesis and vascular tone regulation, though its effects on adipose tissue insulin sensitivity, glucose uptake, and lipolysis remain controversial.
Hydrogen sulfide plays a multifaceted role in adipose tissue physiology and pathology, influencing adipogenesis, vascular tone, and potentially metabolic syndrome, though its effects on insulin sensitivity are debated.
H2S effects on adipose metabolism remain too uncertain for clinical use; leaves open targeted mechanistic studies in metabolic syndrome.
Hydrogen sulfide (H₂S) is synthesized in the adipose tissue mainly by cystathionine γ-lyase (CSE). Several studies have demonstrated that H₂S is involved in adipogenesis, that is the differentiation of preadipocytes to adipocytes, most likely by inhibiting phosphodiesterases and increasing cyclic AMP concentration. The effect of H₂S on adipose tissue insulin sensitivity and glucose uptake is controversial. Some studies suggest that H₂S inhibits insulin-induced glucose uptake and that excess of H₂S contributes to adipose tissue insulin resistance in metabolic syndrome. In contrast, other studies have demonstrated that H₂S stimulates glucose uptake and its deficiency contributes to insulin resistance. Similarly, the effect of H₂S on adipose tissue lipolysis is controversial. H₂S produced by perivascular adipose tissue decreases vascular tone by activating ATP-sensitive and/or voltage-gated potassium channels in smooth muscle cells. Experimental obesity induced by high calorie diet has a time dependent effect on H₂S in perivascular adipose tissue; short and long-term obesity increase and decrease H₂S production, respectively. Hyperglycemia has been consistently demonstrated to suppress CSE-H₂S pathway in various adipose tissue depots. Finally, H₂S deficiency may contribute to adipose tissue inflammation associated with obesity/metabolic syndrome.
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Bełtowski et al. (2016) conducted a review in Obesity and metabolic syndrome. Hydrogen sulfide (H2S) was evaluated. Hydrogen sulfide is involved in adipogenesis and vascular tone regulation, though its effects on adipose tissue insulin sensitivity, glucose uptake, and lipolysis remain controversial.
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