Waterlogging and Salinity Management for Sustainable Irrigated Agriculture. II: Engineering Measures and Biodrainage

The development of irrigated agriculture causes waterlogging and salinization problems in agricultural areas due to intensive seepage into the groundwater. These problems can be controlled by either implementing preventive measures or by adopting remedial measures. This paper provides an overview of various measures and their suitability and limitations for the management of waterlogging and salinity problems. The role of drainage systems in controlling the twin problems is provided. The increased conjunctive use of groundwater in mitigating the twin problems is discussed. The lining of canal networks is also presented. Finally, the role of biodrainage in controlling the aforementioned problems and some conclusions are presented.