Key result
Submersion in awake ducks caused an up to twenty-fold reduction in cardiac output and heart rate within 1-2 minutes, which rapidly reversed upon emersion.
Why the study?
Does submersion alter cardiac output and hemodynamics in awake ducks?
Population
Awake ducks
Comparison
Submersion and administration of vagal and… vs Resting state and emersion
Design
Preclinical
Authors
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These duck data should not inform human care; leaves open translational relevance of neurogenic bradycardia.
Does submersion alter cardiac output and hemodynamics in awake ducks?
Submersion in ducks induces profound, rapid, and reversible neurogenic hemodynamic changes characterized by intense bradycardia and reduced cardiac output, followed by a massive rebound upon emersion.
Folkow et al. (1967) studied Awake ducks. Submersion vs. Rest (pre-submersion) was evaluated on Cardiac output, heart rate, and stroke volume. Submersion in awake ducks caused an up to twenty-fold reduction in cardiac output and heart rate within 1-2 minutes, which rapidly reversed upon emersion.
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