Key result
In patients with primary severe hypertension, 100% exhibited arteriolar narrowing and 88% had cotton wool patches on fundus examination, while 58% showed hyperreflective dots on OCT.
Why the study?
The study was conducted to evaluate ocular manifestations in primary severe hypertension.
Observational (n=50)
No
Primary severe hypertension is frequently associated with significant ocular manifestations, highlighting the importance of routine ophthalmological screening to detect early microvascular damage.
Ocular findings in severe hypertension warrant clinical vigilance; hypothesis-generating and requires prospective validation before guiding practice.
To evaluate ocular manifestations in primary severe hypertension. : A retrospective chart review of 100 eyes of 50 patients in age group 45-60 years diagnosed with primary severe hypertension (systolic blood pressure [SBP] ≥ 180 mm Hg and diastolic blood pressure [DBP] ≥ 110 mm of Hg) in a tertiary hospital in 6 months from December 2018 to May 2019. Vision with evaluated with Snellen’s chart, fundus was examined with IDO, DO, +90D, +20 D lens and OCT was done. : Mean age were found to be 51 years ±9.8 under treatment for essential hypertension. Fundus findings included Arteriolar Narrowing (both Focal and Generalized arteriolar Narrowing), Hard Exudates, Cotton Wool Patches, Flame Shaped Haemorrhages, Optic disc edema, Disc haemorrhages. OCT findings included Macular Oedema, Irregular reflection, Sub Retinal Fluid, Inner Retinal Fluid, Hyper Reflective Dots. : This study can be used as an early diagnostic tool in hypertension. Severe hypertension may lead to may exudative changes. With Arteriolar Narrowing and Hyperreflective Dots within retina as the most common findings. Awareness should be spread regarding ophthalmological examination among patients so that timely measures can be initiated to stop the progression of disease.
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Sinha et al. (2021) conducted an observational in Primary severe hypertension (n=50). Primary severe hypertension was evaluated on Prevalence of arteriolar narrowing. In patients with primary severe hypertension, 100% exhibited arteriolar narrowing and 88% had cotton wool patches on fundus examination, while 58% showed hyperreflective dots on OCT.
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