Mechanism of slag carry-over during drainage of metallurgical vessel is studied in a physical model. Vortex and drain sink formation are found to be the main mechanism of carry-over of slag to the underlying vessel. Empirical equations are obtained to determine vortex and drain sink height under a wide range of draining conditions. Macroscopic mass and energy balance are used to determine vortex time. The vortex time is discussed in relation to the synchronization of the ladle change-over time during sequence casting.
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Koria et al. (1994) studied this question.
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