Screening and classification of hydrogenated vegetable oils using a combination of SFC-FID, SFC-MS and GCxGC-MS

-alkane ratio, which is essential for predicting cold flow properties. Additionally, a streamlined data visualisation method was introduced to facilitate the assessment of fuel profile. SFC-FID enabled quantitative group-based separations of polars, saturates, and aromatics with minimal sample preparation and SFC-ESI-MS selectively separated and detected individual polar compounds. The combined approach highlights the importance of using multiple techniques to obtain a chemical profile of the individual HVOs. Given the observed compositional differences, this study suggests that "HVO" is an overly broad term that does not accurately reflect the chemical diversity of these fuels. A refined classification system distinguishing HVO subclasses is suggested that better represents these variations.