From insecurity to perceived control over the heart failure disease–A qualitative analysis

Aims and objectives: The objective in our study was to explore chronic heart failure patients’ perceived control over their heart disease. Background: Higher levels of perceived control over one’s chronic heart disease are associated with lower levels of psychological distress and a higher quality of life. Design: The study has an explorative and descriptive design using a directed manifest qualitative content analysis according to Marring. Methods: The analysis was based on nine interviews with four men and five women aged between 62-85 years, diagnosed with chronic heart failure. The study followed consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research (COREQ). Results: Five categories emerged in the analysis, mirroring a step-by-step process. The first step, insecurity, was followed by evaluation, management and adjustment. The patients finally reached a higher level of perceived control over their lives in relation to their heart disease. Conclusions: Most of the patients stated that they could assess and manage symptoms and had adapted to their condition, which increased their level of perceived control. Relevance to clinical practice: These findings suggest that managing symptoms is important for strengthen the patients with chronic heart failure. The findings can help health care professionals in communication with the patient planning for self-care actions.