Population
758 patients with systolic heart failure, mean age 64 ± 11 years, 79% men, 40% NYHA class III-IV, 61%…
Design
Cohort
Authors
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HF patients show high internal/external health control and self-efficacy independent of severity; supports partnership models but leaves open effects on outcomes.
Patients with heart failure generally have a high sense of self-efficacy and internal/external health control, which correlates with fewer depressive symptoms and supports a partnership model of care.
Siennicka et al. (2015) studied this question.
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