Major evidence of the relationship of cardiovascular disease and tooth extraction: a systematic review

Introduction: Cardiovascular diseases can present a congenital origin, that is present from birth, such as interatrial and interventricular communication, defects of the artery, coronary arteries, or acquired coronary artery anomalies that involve several risk factors such as smoking, alcohol, old age, and sedentary lifestyle. Thus, the acquired ones are the most frequent in the routine of a dental practice, so the dentist should be able to attend to those patients who need special care, regarding the correct use of medications due to the risk of drug interactions, the type of local anesthetic to be used and the management of patients who use anticoagulant therapy. Objective: It was to develop a concise systematic review to highlight the main clinical outcomes of the relationship between cardiovascular diseases and tooth extraction. Methods: The research and development of the work were carried out from December 2023 to February 2024 in the databases Scopus, PubMed, Science Direct, and Scielo, following the PRISMA rules. The quality of the studies was based on the GRADE instrument and the risk of bias was based on the Cochrane instrument (Funnel Plot). Results and Conclusion: A total of 112 studies were found that were subjected to eligibility analysis. The final sample had 36 eligible studies and 21 studies were described in the systematic review. Most studies showed homogeneity in their results, with X2 =63.9% >50%, with p<0.05. It was concluded that the virtual reality technique was effective in controlling blood pressure and heart rate within an acceptable range and can help in the management of blood pressure and heart rate during tooth extraction in patients with hypertension. It is necessary for the dental treatment of these patients with heart disease a good knowledge of the subject and requires medical and dental coordination. Dental surgeons need to be prepared to identify possible medical and dental emergencies and take steps to prevent or treat them effectively and quickly.