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Clarify the fundamental kinetic mechanisms and reactive intermediates that govern electrophilic aromatic nitration.

Mechanism of aromatic nitration

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Mechanistic review uncovers pathways of electrophilic substitution in aromatic compounds, highlighting the role of reactive nitronium intermediates.

Clarify the fundamental kinetic mechanisms and reactive intermediates that govern electrophilic aromatic nitration.
Literature-based mechanistic review analyzing kinetic and chemical evidence for aromatic substitution pathways.
Electrophilic aromatic nitration predominantly proceeds through an attack by the reactive nitronium ion intermediate.
Reaction rates and isomer distributions are strongly mediated by encounter-pair formation and the stability of intermediate complexes.

John H. Ridd (1971) studied this question.

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Mechanistic review uncovers pathways of electrophilic substitution in aromatic compounds, highlighting the role of reactive nitronium intermediates.