Catalytically active nickel {110} surfaces in growth of carbon tubular structures

Recent interest in the growth of aligned carbon nanotube films using transition metal catalysts has led to questions concerning the growth mechanism involved. In our experiment carbon tubules grown using Ni catalysts exhibit a preferred orientation relative to the catalytically active surfaces of Ni. The axial directions of the tubular structure are mainly parallel to the 〈110〉 and 〈042〉 directions of Ni. The faceted shape of the Ni particles determines the intrinsic structure of the tubules. A mechanism involving spiral growth is proposed to explain the nucleation and growth of such tubules.