Key result
Remote ischemic preconditioning improved cutaneous vasodilatory responses to local heating, but 2 weeks of sessions were not more effective than 1 week.
Why the study?
The mechanisms underlying improved cutaneous vasodilatory function with remote ischemic preconditioning, and the number of sessions required to optimize this response, remain unclear.
Does repeated remote ischemic preconditioning improve cutaneous vasodilatory responses to thermal and pharmacological stimuli in human participants?
Does repeated remote ischemic preconditioning improve cutaneous vasodilatory responses to thermal and pharmacological stimuli in human participants?
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
Repeated remote ischemic preconditioning improves endothelial-independent and local heating-mediated cutaneous vasodilation, though 2 weeks of sessions are not more effective than 1 week for local heating responses.
One week of daily remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) improves cutaneous vasodilatory (VD) function. However, the underlying mechanisms and the number of sessions needed to optimize this adaptive response remain unclear. We hypothesized that the responses to localized heating of the skin will be greater after 2 wk as opposed to 1 wk of RIPC. Furthermore, 2 wk of repeated RIPC will augment cutaneous VD responses to thermal and pharmacological stimuli. In methods, twenty-four participants (24 ± 2 yr; 13 men, 11 women) performed repeated RIPC (7 daily sessions over 1 wk, n = 11; 12 sessions over 2 wk, n = 13), consisting of four repetitions of 5 min of arm blood flow occlusion separated by 5 min reperfusion. Laser speckle contrast imaging was used to measure skin blood flow responses, in perfusion units (PU), to local heating (Tloc = 42°C), acetylcholine (ACh), and sodium nitroprusside (SNP) before and after repeated RIPC. Data were expressed as cutaneous vascular conductance (CVC, in PU/mmHg). In results, the VD response to local heating increased after RIPC (∆CVC from baseline; 1 wk: 0.94 ± 0.11 to 1.19 ± 0.15, 2 wk: 1.18 ± 0.07 to 1.33 ± 0.10 PU/mmHg; P < 0.05) but the ∆CVC did not differ between weeks. SNP-induced VD increased after 2 wk of RIPC (∆CVC; 0.34 ± 0.07 to 0.63 ± 0.11 PU/mmHg; P < 0.05), but ACh-induced VD did not. In conclusion, repeated RIPC improves local heating- and SNP-mediated cutaneous VD. When compared with 1 wk of RIPC, 2 wk of RIPC does not induce further improvements in cutaneous VD function. NEW & NOTEWORTHY Repeated RIPC increases the cutaneous vasodilatory response to local heating and to sodium nitroprusside but not to acetylcholine. Thus, endothelial-independent and local heating-mediated cutaneous vasodilation are improved following RIPC. However, 2 wk of RIPC sessions are not more effective than 1 wk of RIPC sessions in enhancing local heating-mediated cutaneous vasodilation.
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Kim et al. (2019) studied this question. Remote ischemic preconditioning (RIPC) vs. 1 week of RIPC or baseline was evaluated on Cutaneous vasodilatory response to local heating (∆CVC from baseline) (p=<0.05). Remote ischemic preconditioning improved cutaneous vasodilatory responses to local heating, but 2 weeks of sessions were not more effective than 1 week.
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