Freshly cleaved (001) surfaces of single crystalline PbS were bombarded by 8 keV Kr+ ions at a dose of 3×1012 cm−2. Atomically resolved scanning tunneling microscopy (STM) images were taken showing damaged areas due to individual ion impacts. Analysis of a STM image shows a shallow impact crater, a stacking fault, displacement of Pb2+ and S2− ions from their regular surface sites, and migration of interstitials to the surface.
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Wilson et al. (1988) studied this question.
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