Climate Changes and Socio-Economic Sustainability: A Case Study of the Roman Province of Dalmatia

The study of the conceptual framework examined climate change, water civilization, and socio-economic development in ancient Dalmatia (Croatia). The study examined the cultural and social development centered on managing and depending on water from 350 BCE to 900 CE. Significance was highlighted on water resources and water civilization as the basis of human society, influencing culture, governance, and survival. This research utilized a thermodynamic framework to illustrate the dynamic interrelationships that affect the development of civilization, establishing continuous cycles of reciprocal influence and adjustment. The findings indicate that the main external dangers to civilizations in Dalmatia were significant alterations in climate patterns and abrupt variations in water cycles brought on by solar radiation and cooling due to volcanic eruptions. Within the organization, there was an insufficient water management expertise required to manage and regulate water resource systems. With the failure of water networks and dissipative structures, local communities were deprived of water and food resources. Hunger, warfare, and illness frequently ensued, resulting in large-scale movement or the desertion of cities. The results suggest that the connection among climate change, water societies, and socio-economic elements underpins both human history and contemporary global issues.