Key result
Practical algorithms guide immediate prehospital and emergency treatment of presumed pacemaker and ICD malfunctions.
Why the study?
Increasing device prevalence has led to rising malfunctions, leaving emergency personnel facing uncertainty during initial management due to limited access to device reprogramming or interrogation outside specialised cardiology settings.
Provides practical algorithm-based approaches for the immediate prehospital and emergency department management of presumed pacemaker and ICD malfunctions.
Answers are grounded in this paper and cite their sources.
May guide initial stabilization for presumed device malfunctions without interrogation; leaves open prospective validation before adoption.
The increasing prevalence of permanent pacemakers (PPMs) and implantable cardioverter defibrillators (ICDs) has led to a rising number of device malfunctions, which can have painful or even life-threatening consequences. As device technology advances, emergency personnel frequently face uncertainty in the initial management of these complex patients, given limited access to device reprogramming or interrogation outside specialised cardiology settings. This paper presents practical algorithm-based approaches for the immediate treatment of presumed PPM and ICD malfunctions in the prehospital and emergency department setting to support timely effective emergency care until expert consultation is available.
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Müller et al. (2026) conducted a review in Presumed pacemaker or implantable cardioverter defibrillator malfunctions. Algorithm-based approaches for immediate treatment was evaluated. This paper presents practical algorithm-based approaches for the immediate prehospital and emergency department treatment of presumed pacemaker and ICD malfunctions.
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