Sarcopenia Index as a Predictor of Clinical Outcomes in Older Patients with Coronary Artery Disease

Figures

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  Figure 1. Study flow of the nested sub-cohort. The Grand drug-eluting stents (DES) registry is a multicenter nation-wide pooled registry of the EXCELLENT registry, HOST-PRIME registry, RESOLUTE-Korea registry, RESOLINTE registry, and HOST-BIOLIMUS registry in Korea. Among the total population of the Grand DES registry, 1086 patients who had serum creatinine and cystatin C data and aged 65 or older were analyzed in this study. DES = drug-eluting stent.

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  Figure 2. Different distributions of sarcopenia index depending on sex. Sarcopenia index (SI) ranged from 0.39 to 2.39 (median 1.04, interquartile range (IQR) 0.89–1.19). SI was distributed differently depending on sex; the mean SI was 1.11 (IQR 1.00–1.26) in men and 0.89 (IQR 0.78–1.02) in women (p < 0.001). SI = sarcopenia index; IQR = interquartile range.

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  Figure 3. Cumulative incidence of events with quartiles of sarcopenia index. Overall, the lowest quartile group had a higher major advance cardiovascular event (MACE) rate, while there were no significant differences in bleeding events. SI = sarcopenia index; MACE = major advance cardiovascular event; PCI = percutaneous coronary intervention; HR = hazard ratio; CI = confidence interval.

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  Figure 4. Subgroup analysis for MACE. In subgroup analysis, the poor prognosis of the Q1 group compared to that of the Q2–4 group was consistently observed across the various subgroups, without significant interaction. MACE = major adverse cardiovascular event; BMI = body mass index; DM = diabetes mellitus; HTN = hypertension; ACS = acute coronary syndrome; EF = ejection fraction. The following patient risk factors were included in the multivariate-adjusted Cox proportional hazard regression model: age, sex, body mass index, diabetes mellitus, hypertension, peripheral vascular disease, previous myocardial infarction (MI) or PCI, current smoking, previous congestive heart failure, clinical diagnosis, low EF, diseased vessel extent and total stent length.