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The hydraulic, radial force fluctuation acting on the runner of a Francis-type pump-turbine was investigated experimentally. Five model pump-turbines of different specific speeds were tested. In pumping operation, the amplitude of the fluctuation increases as discharge decreases. In generating operation, the maximum amplitude appears with the draft surge frequency during partial load operation. The runner speed frequency component always appears. Components with 0.5 to 1.0 times the runner speed frequency become dominant when maximum amplitude fluctuation occurs during transient operations.
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Yamaguchi et al. (1981) studied this question.
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