Antimicrobial Prophylaxis for Urinary Tract Infection in Children

This is the authors' abstract. We don't add key points for this paper.

Approximately one third of children who have a urinary tract infection — the most frequent serious bacterial infection in young febrile children — have vesicoureteral reflux, a congenital condition in which the urine flow is retrograde from the bladder toward the kidneys during micturition. Data from observational studies and animal models support the hypothesis that children with vesicoureteral reflux who have urinary tract infection are at increased risk for renal scarring.Vesicoureteral reflux is graded from I (lowest grade, with reflux into the ureter only) to V (highest grade, with marked ureteral tortuosity, calyceal blunting, and severely dilated renal pelvis). . . .