Key result
Three children with acute myeloid leukemia receiving anthracyclines developed acute-onset heart failure following Streptococcus viridans bacteremia, which resolved nearly completely within weeks.
Case Report (n=3)
Streptococcus viridans bacteremia may precipitate acute-onset, reversible heart failure in pediatric oncology patients previously treated with anthracyclines.
Transient HF may follow viridans bacteremia in anthracycline-treated pediatric AML; leaves open reversible cardiotoxicity mechanisms for prospective study.
We reviewed three very similar cases of acute-onset heart failure in children with acute myeloid leukemia who received anthracyclines during their treatment. All three children were diagnosed with recent Streptococcus viridans bacteremia and had persistent tachycardia prior to acute-onset heart failure with near-complete resolution within weeks. We hypothesize their heart failure was secondary to sepsis-induced cardiomyopathy with anthracycline-induced cardiac myocyte damage as a predisposing factor. We suggest prophylaxis and methods of early detection to prevent and better treat acute heart failure in pediatric oncology patients receiving anthracyclines.
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Sabet et al. (2021) conducted a case report in Acute myeloid leukemia and acute-onset heart failure (n=3). Anthracyclines and Streptococcus viridans bacteremia was evaluated on Acute-onset heart failure. Three children with acute myeloid leukemia receiving anthracyclines developed acute-onset heart failure following Streptococcus viridans bacteremia, which resolved nearly completely within weeks.
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