Key result
Cardiac disease complicated 0.39% of pregnancies, with rheumatic heart disease being the most common etiology (62.1%) and resulting in a maternal mortality rate of 7.5%.
Why the study?
Cardiac diseases complicate 1-4% of pregnancies and present a clinical challenge, prompting the study to evaluate the disease burden and maternal and neonatal outcomes.
Observational (n=66)
No
Rheumatic heart disease remains the most common cardiac complication during pregnancy in this cohort, highlighting the ongoing need for accessible cardiac care and prophylaxis in rural populations.
RHD remains a key driver of maternal cardiac complications; hypothesis-generating for targeted screening trials in similar settings.
Background: Cardiac diseases complicate 1-4% of pregnancies in women without pre-existing cardiac abnormalities. Cardiac disease in the pregnant woman can present a challenge to the obstetrician, cardiologist and neonatologist. Objectives: Aim is to study the burden of the disease, maternal and neonatal outcome in the cardiac disease complicating pregnancy. Methods: This study is a prospective observational study conducted among the antenatal women admitted in the department of OBG at KIMS, Hubli with a previously diagnosed cardiac disease or diagnosed after admission during index pregnancy from December 2016 to may 2018. The mothers and the babies were followed up till discharge. Maternal outcome was noted as discharged or died. The perinatal outcome was noted in terms of death, presence of congenital heart disease or other anomalies. Results: A total of 66 patients with cardiac disease among 16519 deliveries, were included in the study constituting the prevalence rate of 0.39%. Maximum number of the patients are in the age group between 20-24 year (65.8%). RHD (Rheumatic heart disease) being the commonest constituting 53.9 % (N=41). Among 41 RHD isolated MS (Mitral stenosis) found among 19 cases the dominant lesion. CHD (Congenital heart disease) being the second commonest found in 17 cases with VSD (Ventricular septal defect) being commonest. About 9 newborns had CHD detected in echocardiogram. 61.8% of the patients delivered vaginally. There were 5 maternal deaths due to cardiac disease. Conclusion: As RHD was common in rural population, and the need for penicillin prophylaxsis among them in adolescent girls. The facilities for cardiac surgery should be made available at affordable prices will definitely go a long way in reducing the mortality and morbidity related to cardiac disease. It is also necessary to follow up these patients in their future pregnancies.
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Shyamsundar et al. (2021) conducted an observational in Maternal heart disease complicating pregnancy (n=66). Cardiac disease during pregnancy was evaluated on Maternal mortality and neonatal congenital heart disease. Cardiac disease complicated 0.39% of pregnancies, with rheumatic heart disease being the most common etiology (62.1%) and resulting in a maternal mortality rate of 7.5%.
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