Efficacy of Antimicrobial Lock Solutions on Central Line‐Associated Bloodstream Infection and Catheter Survival in Hemodialysis Patients: A Systematic Review and Meta‐Analysis

Hemodialysis (HD) catheters carry a high risk of life‐threatening bloodstream infections and failure. Antimicrobial lock solutions (ALS) are used to reduce this risk, but their overall efficacy on key outcomes like infection rates and catheter survival requires comprehensive evaluation. This systematic review and meta‐analysis assess the impact of ALS on preventing catheter‐related bloodstream infections (including incidence and density) and on improving catheter survival. A systematic search was conducted across the databases of PubMed, Embase, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Google Scholar. A meta‐analysis was conducted using STATA software. A total of 1183 studies were screened based on title and abstract, and further 282 studies were evaluated in full text. Eventually, 14 studies with 15 treatment arms were included. Key outcomes including central line‐associated bloodstream infection (CLABSI), exit infection, and catheter‐free survival were conducted separately. ALS demonstrated statistically significant benefits on CLABSI infection and catheter‐free survival compared to nonantimicrobial solutions, showing a reduction in CLABSI density with a pooled log odd ratio (logOR) of −1.29 (95% CI: −1.59 to −0.99), lower CLABSI rates (pooled logOR = −1.50, 95% CI: −1.85 to −1.15), and improved catheter‐free survival with log hazard ratio (logHR) of −1.11 (95% CI: −1.41 to −0.8). Consistent treatment effects were observed across all lock types with no significant heterogeneity detected. ALS demonstrate statistically significant and clinically important efficacy in reducing CLABSI incidence and density while improving catheter survival in HD patients, establishing them as an essential preventive strategy in clinical practice.