Phase Behavior of Polyelectrolyte Block Copolymers in Mixed Solvents

We have studied the phase behavior of the poly( n -butyl acrylate)- b -poly(acrylic acid) block copolymer in a mixture of two miscible solvents: water and tetrahydrofuran (THF). The techniques used to examine the different polymers, structures, and phases formed in mixed solvents were static and dynamic light scattering, small-angle neutron scattering, nuclear magnetic resonance, and fluorescence microscopy. By lowering the water/THF mixing ratio X, the sequence unimers−micron-sized droplets−polymeric micelles was observed. The transition between unimers and the micron-sized droplets occurred at X ∼ 0.75, whereas the microstructuration into core−shell polymeric micelles was effective below X ∼ 0.4. At intermediate mixing ratios, a coexistence between the micron-sized droplets and the polymeric micelles was observed. Combining the different aforementioned techniques, it was concluded that the droplet dispersion resulted from a solvent partitioning that was induced by the hydrophobic blocks. Comparison of poly( n -butyl acrylate) homopolymers and poly( n -butyl acrylate)- b -poly(acrylic acid) block copolymers suggested that the droplets were rich in THF and concentrated in copolymers and that they were stabilized by the hydrophilic poly(acrylic acid) moieties.