Photolysis Studies of Technical Decabromodiphenyl Ether (DecaBDE) and Ethane (DeBDethane) in Plastics under Natural Sunlight

Photodebromination of technical decabromodiphenyl ether (DecaBDE) incorporated into high-impact polystyrene (HIPS) and TV casings was compared under natural sunlight conditions with that of technical decabromodiphenyl ethane (DeBDethane). BDE 209 in pulverized HIPS+DecaBDE samples degraded with a half-life of 51 days. In contrast, no marked loss of DeBDethane occurred throughout the experimental period of 224 days. During BDE 209 photolysis in HIPS+DecaBDE samples, partly debromination to nona- and octa-BDE was observed, however, environmentally relevant polybrominated diphenyl ether (PBDE) congeners such as BDE 47, 99, and 100 were not formed. Formation of polybrominated dibenzofurans (PBDFs) was clearly apparent in the flame-retarded plastics that we investigated. In the HIPS+DecaBDE samples, the PBDF concentration increased by about 40 times after 1 week of exposure, with a concomitant decrease in BDE 209. In the TV casing, tetra- to octa-BDF congener concentrations increased continuously during the experiment Although the concentrations of PBDFs found in the plastic matrices tested were 1 to 4 orders of magnitude lower than those of PBDEs, more attention should be paid to the fact that PBDFs are formed by sunlight exposure during normal use as well as disposal/recycling processes of flame-retarded consumer products.