This paper is concerned with application of a three-dimensional model of the tongue to the problem of estimating a set of muscular tensions of the human tongue from the given X-ray outline. In order to inspect the motional aspects of the muscular tensions and also in order to obtain the more accurate estimations than the previous single-stage estimation, the present experiment adopts the multistage fitting. From a given tongue outline, the consecutively varied outlines from the neutral shape are produced by interpolation, and a set of muscular tensions of the model tongue is obtained each time the model is fitted best to the interpolated outline. In comparisons with the previous single-stage estimations, the present results are nearer to the actual human EMG data. The present multistage results also reveal the nonlinear time patterns for the muscular tensions, which are presumed due to their participation in pressing the tongue upward to the palate or in pressing it down to the floor.
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Hashimoto et al. (1986) studied this question.