Well-defined three dimensional photonic crystals (PCs) of hydrogels are fabricated by prism holographic lithography over large areas. The hydrogel PCs, swollen in the humidity of air, show a tunable optical stop-band in response to temperature. The thermoresponsive behavior is caused by viscoelastic deformation upon temperature change, which is investigated by capturing the structure with silica.
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Kang et al. (2008) studied this question.
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