Hybrid nanofluid flow over a vertical flat plate with Marangoni convection in the presence of quadratic thermal radiation and exponential heat source

A study is performed to explore the MHD nonlinear convective (SiO2/water) nanofluid and (SiO2–MoS2/water) hybrid nanofluid flow and heat transport over a vertical flat plate with Marangoni boundary condition. The analysis considers the porous medium along with the quadratic thermal radiation, exponential heat source and suction/injection effect. The guiding mathematical equations are modified into coupled, nonlinear ODEs using the similarity transformations, which are then numerically solved using MATLAB's built-in function ‘bvp4c'. The hybrid nanofluid has a greater heat flow rate and velocity than the nanofluid. An increment in the Marangoni parameter shows the enhancement effect on the temperature profile. Moreover, the temperature profile is enhanced with augmentation in the temperature ratio parameter while the temperature profile decreases with intensification in the value of volume fraction of particles and quadratic thermal convection. The results obtained by the ‘bvp4c' method are compared with the Runge–Kutta-Fehlberg method and the results are in very good agreement.