MyelinoChip: a myelination-on-a-chip platform with suspended high aspect-ratio microfibers for long-term tracking of myelin sheath formation

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Myelination is a critical biological process in which Schwann cells form myelin sheaths around axons to support signal transmission and nerve regeneration. Artificial axon models can provide a useful tool for studying the process of myelination. Here, we present a high-throughput microdevice featuring ordered, suspended polydimethylsiloxane microfibers generated through mechanical stretching of micropillars. The device provides a biocompatible and optically transparent platform that facilitates cell culture, live imaging, and quantification of myelin formation. S42 Schwann cells cultured on the microfibers formed myelin sheaths that were visualized using fluorescence microscopy. Moreover, increased myelination induced by progesterone and IL-12 p80 was observed, demonstrating the potential of the device for drug screening. This three-dimensional myelination culture chip provides a robust and accessible tool for studying peripheral nerve repair and therapeutic development.