Different irrigation systems for use during arthroscopic suction surgery were investigated in a knee model. Gravity inflow and three different pumps were used. With suction at floor level, none of the systems was able to maintain a positive pressure within the model during suction even when the suction pressures were reduced. With elevated position of the suction outflow, a positive pressure could be maintained. This principle seems to minimize the problem and is recommended.
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Dolk et al. (1989) studied this question.
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