(B) Formation of oxide inclusions during solidification

Inclusions in ingots are of three types: primary, secondary, and exogenous. Primary inclusions form from the melt before solidification of the metallic phase, and secondary inclusions form from the melt in interdendritic regions after the metallic phase has begun to grow. Exogenous inclusions are entrapped inclusions whose source external to the melt (e.g. ladle refractories). In this review formation of both primary and secondary inclusions as a solidification process are discussed. The emphasis is on oxide inc lusions in ferrous melts.